The book is a vital resource for all those interested in polands constitution, and the rich comparative constitutional insights the country offers. In poland, however, the constitutional debate consumed eight years. Constitution of the republic of poland as the foundation of democratic society and state joachim osinski abstract following the downfall of communist rule in 1989, most countries in central and eastern europe promptly adopted new constitutions. The system of government of the republic of poland shall be. Ratified by the spanish people in a referendum of december 6, 1978. The republic of poland shall provide assistance to poles living abroad to maintain their links with the national cultural heritage.
Constitution of the republic of poland as the foundation. The constitution of romania of 1991 was amended and completed by the law no. Constitution of the republic of slovenia, 27 february 2003 official gazette of the republic of slovenia no. The 1952 constitution was a product of the first postwar polish parliament. Constitution of the pri n cip ality of l iech ten stein. Article 5 in its own territory, the state shall protect human rights and fundamental freedoms.
Polands legal reforms do not comply with constitution. Polands first written constitution was proposed on 3 may 1791, making it the second oldest written constitution in the world. Constitution of 1815 of the kingdom of poland a constitution signed by alexander i on nov. Major governmental powers including but not limited to defense, security, or foreign affairs may be. The supreme legislative act of the republic of poland guarantees all civil rights which are deemed standard in a democratic rule of law. Before working toward the execution of this project, we must ask first of all whether it is capable of realisation. Polands legal reforms do not comply with constitution, court rules this article is more than 4 years old law and justice government declared it would not recognise ruling over law passed last. The republic of hungary shall protect the institutions of marriage and the family. Constitution comprising ideas expressed by rwandans themselves. Constitution of the republic of polandexcerpt chapter ii. Any law, act of government, or agreement to which a government of palau is a party, shall not conflict with this constitution and shall be invalid to the extent of such conflict. In accordance with principles specified by the statute, everyone shall have the right to apply to the commissioner for human rights for assistance in the protection of his freedoms or rights infringed by organs of public. Constitution of the republic of south aifrica second amendment constitution of the economic freedom fighters student command 4 section 5. The constitution became effective on 16th october when it was signed by the polish president, aleksander kwasniewski.
The government refused to publish the critical constitutional tribunal verdict and neglected others. With the adoption of the 1952 document, which replicated much of the soviet unions 1936 constitution, the republic of poland was renamed the polish peoples republic, and the crown symbolizing national independence was removed from the countrys flag. Now hereby adopt, by referendum, this constitution as the supreme law of the republic of rwanda. Approved in plenary sessions of the congress of deputies and the senate held on october 31, 1978.
Article 3 the present law shall come into force on the date of its publication. Polands constitution of 1997 with amendments through 2009. Poland s first written constitution was proposed on 3 may 1791, making it the second oldest written constitution in the world. Article 8 the constitution shall be the supreme law of the republic of poland. Sovereignty in the republic of poland belongs to the nation.
The constitution stipulated the decentralization of state power and emphasized the notion of division of powers whilst at the same time providing for a system of checks and balances. With prussia proposing an alliance with the poles signed in 1790 and austria becoming preoccupied with the. The constitution of the republic of poland as adopted by the national assembly on 2nd april 1997 chapter xii amending the constitution article 235 1. But poland, like greece, also signed a series of treaties when it joined the e.
Sanctioned by his majesty the king before the cortes on december 27, 1978. A package of five laws known as the constitution for business, which are aimed to facilitate running business in poland, came into force on april 30. The provisions of the constitution shall apply directly, unless the constitution provides otherwise. Freedoms, rights and obligations of persons and citizensexcerptart. A bill to amend the constitution may be submitted by the following.
The republic of hungary shall make special efforts to ensure a secure standard of living, instruction and education for the young, and shall protect the interests of the young. Establishes a new constitutional framework based on democracy, the rule of law and a social market economy chapt. The text of the constitution of the republic of cape verde, annexed to the present law, of which it is an integral part, signed by the president of the national assembly, is approved. The constitution of the republic of poland 1997 provides the legal basis for freedom of association in article 12. A russoturkish war that began in 1787 created a situation that both the king and the magnate opposition tried to exploit.
Polands 1997 constitution is reprinted in english translation in 1997 saint louis warsaw transatlantic l. However, the extraparliamentary right, since 1996 united in a loose coalition. Constitution of the republic of poland of 2 nd april 1997. Poland is illegally dismantling its own constitution.
Polands 1997 constitution in its historical contex t. The constitution guarantees the right of inheritance. Constitution of 1815 of the kingdom of poland article. Article 4 slovenia is a territorially unified and indivisible state. It was considered among the most liberal constitutions of its time. Konkordat miedzy stolica apostolska i rzeczapospolita polska, podpisany w warszawie dnia 28 lipca 1993 r. The republic of poland shall ensure freedom for the creation and functioning of trade unions, sociooccupational organizations of farmers, societies, citizens movements, other voluntary associations and. In addition to explaining the 1997 constitution in its political, historical, and social context, the book tackles the radical changes, in particular within the judicial branch, introduced by the. Polands constitution for business to help foreign investors. The 1945 constitution of the republic of indonesia as amended by the first amendment of 1999, the second amendment of 2000, the third amendment of 2001 and the fourth amendment of 2002 unofficial translation the preamble to the constitution whereas independence is the inalienable right of all nations, therefore, all. The constitutions content reflected the compromise between the ruling leftist coalition and the centrist uw, while addressing several concerns raised by the church. Although like the united states constitution in several important respects, the polish constitution of 1791 was necessarily different due to polands need to address.
Constitution in polish, english, french, german and russian parliament sejm, poland pdf in english consulted on 20051122 abstractcitation. Constitution of the republic of poland commissioner for. Like the constitution of the united states, article vi of polands may 3rd constitution contemplated two legislative chambers. Article 7 the organs of public authority shall function on the basis of, and within the limits of, the law. The royal power is inherited by men and women in accordance with the provisions of the succession to. The king exercised executive authority but shared legislative power with the sejm, retaining for himself the legislative initiative and. Poland still functions under the constitution enacted in 1952, even though the political and economic system codified in that document, and even the symbolic name of the state it had introduced peoples republic of poland, have been changed. General provisions article one the rwandan state is an independent, sovereign, democratic, social and secular republic. Federal constitution 2 101 2 it shall promote the common welfare, sustainable development, internal cohesion and cultural diversity of the country. March constitution of poland wikisource, the free online. The parliament elected in 1993 concluded its term by passing the new constitution in april 1997. Poland s constitution of 1997 with amendments through 2009.
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